Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common health condition that affects dogs.

It is caused by the accumulation of bacteria on the teeth, leading to inflammation and infection of the tissues that surround the dog’s teeth¹².

If left untreated, it can cause significant harm to a dog’s mouth, including eroded gums, bad breath, missing teeth, bone loss, and chronic pain².

Symptoms

In the early stages of gum disease, there are often no obvious signs².

By the time symptoms are noticed, the pet may be in advanced stages².

Symptoms of advanced periodontal disease include:

1. Bleeding or red gums
2. Pawing at the mouth
3. Loss of appetite
4. Difficulty eating
5. Drooling
6. Irritability or anti-social behavior
7. Loose or missing teeth
8. Blood in water bowl or on chew toys
9. Bad breath²³

Causes

Gum disease begins with bacteria, food, and saliva combining to form plaque.

The plaque coats the teeth and, within 2-3 days, combines with minerals and hardens into tartar².

Our body’s immune system attempts to fight the bacteria in plaque and in turn causes the gums to become red and inflamed².

Some factors that contribute to the development of gum disease include:

1. Age
2. General health
3. Diet
4. Chewing behaviors
5. Genetics
6. Tooth alignment
7. Grooming habits
8. Dental hygiene²

Effects

Periodontal disease can have serious consequences for your dog’s overall health and quality of life¹.

It can cause chronic pain, gum erosion, and loss of bone and teeth⁴.

The structures supporting the teeth can also be weakened or lost⁴.

In severe cases, it can lead to the tooth completely losing its attachment from its socket, leading to the tooth becoming loose or falling out¹.

Treatments

The treatment for gum disease depends on the specific problem and the stage of the disease.

In the early stages of gum disease (stage 1), it can be treated with regular tooth brushing and good oral health care⁵.

Mild to moderate periodontitis (stages 2 and 3) requires scaling above and below the gum line to remove plaque and tartar build-up⁵.

In severe cases (stage 4), tooth extractions may be necessary to remove any damaged teeth⁶.

It is also important to follow your veterinarian’s instructions for at-home care⁶.

Conclusion

Gum disease is a common but serious health issue in dogs.

Regular dental hygiene and check-ups with the vet can help prevent this disease and ensure your dog’s oral health.

If you suspect your pet may have symptoms of gum disease, it is important to bring your pet to the veterinarian for an oral examination².

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Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only. It is not meant to substitute for medical advice or diagnosis provided by your veterinarian. If your dog shows symptoms, please consult your veterinarian immediately.